MySQL 9.0 is better suited for applications requiring complex relational data management, strong data integrity, and robust security features. MongoDB 8.0 is a better choice for applications that need fast read/write performance, flexible schemas, and efficient horizontal scaling.
| Attribute | MySQL 9.0 | MongoDB 8.0 |
|---|---|---|
| Data Model | Relational | Document-oriented, using JSON-like documents with flexible schemas |
| Scalability | Vertical scaling is possible, but horizontal scaling requires extra configuration. MySQL 9.0 better leverages multi-core processors and high-speed memory. | Horizontal scaling through sharding, improved for faster and more cost-effective data distribution |
| ACID Compliance | Fully ACID-compliant with features like commit, rollback, crash recovery, and row-level locking. The InnoDB storage engine ensures ACID compliance. | Supports multi-document ACID transactions |
| Query Language | SQL | MongoDB Query Language (MQL), which uses a JSON-like syntax |
| Schema Flexibility | Requires a predefined schema. Schema migrations can be complex and costly as the database grows. | Schema-less, allowing documents within a collection to have different structures; schema validation can be implemented |
| Replication Methods | Supports traditional binary log-based replication and GTID-based replication. Also features asynchronous and semi-synchronous replication. | Utilizes replica sets for high availability and automatic failover |
| Sharding Capabilities | Offers sharding to achieve write scale-out. | Enhanced sharding capabilities for more efficient data distribution, allows moving unsharded collections across shards |
| Indexing Options | Supports up to 64 indexes per table. Offers JSON indexing for faster querying of JSON data. Uses B-tree disk tables with index compression. | Supports various indexing strategies, including compound and geospatial indexes |
| Security Features | Includes a privilege and password system with host-based verification. Offers complete database encryption. Enforces the use of the more secure 'cachingsha2password' authentication plugin. Includes improvements to query sanitization to prevent SQL injections. Supports modern encryption options like SHA-3 and OpenID Connect integration. | Queryable Encryption (supports range queries), encryption at rest and in transit, OCSF schema for audit log messages, role-based authentication with flexible privileges |
| Backup and Recovery Options | Optimizes backup operations with incremental backups and point-in-time recovery. | Includes enterprise-grade backups and point-in-time recovery |
| Community Support and Documentation | Has extensive community support and documentation. | Large community with extensive documentation |
| Cloud Integration | Improved integration with cloud services for easier deployment and management in hybrid and multi-cloud environments. | Can be deployed via MongoDB Atlas, on-premises, and in various cloud environments |
| Pros | Well-suited for handling complex relational data due to its ability to perform joins across multiple tables and enforce data integrity through constraints, Excels in bulk inserts, Offers a familiar database environment for experienced IT professionals, Focuses on security enhancements, including modern encryption options and improved authentication mechanisms, Optimizes backup operations with incremental backups and point-in-time recovery, Can handle large databases with billions of rows, E-commerce platforms and financial applications requiring complex transactions and data consistency | Faster reads, Faster bulk writes, Faster time series aggregation, Queryable Encryption with range queries, Faster and more cost-effective horizontal scaling, Features for handling high-demand applications and traffic surges, More approachable for developers without deep database expertise, Flexible schema simplifies integration with applications that have evolving data requirements |
| Cons | Horizontal scaling requires extra configuration, Schema migrations can be complex and costly as the database grows | Slower performance in select operations compared to PostgreSQL and MySQL (except in memory-bound scenarios), Document size limit should be considered for very large documents |
| Indexing Limit | Supports up to 64 indexes per table | Not available |