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Countries: India vs. Brazil

Quick Verdict

Brazil, with a higher GDP per capita and HDI, presents a more developed economy, but faces challenges in corruption and environmental issues. India, while having a lower GDP per capita, boasts a higher economic growth rate and a large, growing economy, but also grapples with significant environmental and social challenges.

Key features – Side-by-Side

AttributeIndiaBrazil
GDP (Nominal)$2,480.79 in 2023Approximately $2.13 trillion (USD) in 2025
GDP per capita (Nominal)$2,601Estimated at $9,960 (USD) for 2025
Population Size1,463,914,213 (July 3, 2025)Approximately 212.8 million (June 2025)
Land AreaApproximately 3,287,263 sq. km8,515,767.049 km2
Political StabilityFederal republic since 1950, democratic parliamentary systemPotential risks for businesses due to corruption perception indices
Economic Growth Rate8.15% in 20233.4% in 2024, expected to moderate to 2.2% in 2025
Literacy Rate80.9% in 2023-202494.69% as of 2022
Healthcare System QualityNot availableInformation on accessibility and affordability is available
Environmental Performance IndexRanked 176th out of 180 countries in 2024Not available
Corruption Perception IndexRank 96 out of 180 countries in 2024, score of 38Rank 107 out of 180 countries in 2024, score of 34
Ease of Doing BusinessRanked 63rd in Doing Business 2020Not available
Human Development Index0.685, ranked 130 out of 193 in 20230.786, ranking 84th globally
Pros"Demographic dividend", Urbanization, Infrastructure investments, Domestic consumption, Services sectorExpansion of agriculture, Resilient service sector, Increased consumption, Fiscal stimuli, Relatively high literacy rate, Human capital identified as a main driver of economic growth
ConsAir pollution, Water pollution, Deforestation, Soil erosion, Waste management, Climate change, Loss of biodiversityPotential risks for businesses, Deforestation in the Amazon basin, Illegal wildlife trade and poaching, Air and water pollution, Land degradation from mining, Wetland degradation, Oil spills, Cumbersome bureaucracy

Overall Comparison

India: GDP per capita $2,601, Population 1.46B, Growth 8.15%. Brazil: GDP per capita $9,960, Population 212.8M, Growth 3.4%.

Pros and Cons

India

Pros:
  • "Demographic dividend"
  • Urbanization and expansion of the middle class
  • Infrastructure investments
  • Domestic consumption
  • Services sector
Cons:
  • Air pollution
  • Water pollution
  • Deforestation
  • Soil erosion
  • Waste management
  • Climate change
  • Loss of biodiversity

Brazil

Pros:
  • Expansion of agriculture
  • Resilient service sector
  • Increased consumption
  • Fiscal stimuli
  • Relatively high literacy rate (94.69%)
  • Human capital identified as a main driver of economic growth
Cons:
  • Potential risks for businesses due to declining performance in corruption perception indices
  • Deforestation in the Amazon basin
  • Illegal wildlife trade and poaching
  • Air and water pollution
  • Land degradation from mining
  • Wetland degradation
  • Oil spills
  • Cumbersome bureaucracy

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